Random chemical mutagenesis of the mouse genome can causally connect genes to specific phenotypes.Using this approach, reduced pinna (rep) or microtia, a defect in ear development, was mapped to a small region of mouse chromosome 2.Sequencing of this region established co-segregation of the phenotype (rep) with a mutation in the Prkra gene, which e
In the title compound, C13H9N5O7, one of the nitro groups is twisted away from the attached benzene ring by 16.21 (8)°.The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 4.63 (1)°.The molecular structure is Necklace stabilized by intramolecular N—H.O and O—H.N hydrogen bonds which generate an S(6) ring motif.The m
Summary: Cockroaches exhibit unexplained intra- and interpopulation variation HAIR HYDRATION CARE in susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) infection.Here, we show that the gut microbiota has a protective effect against colonization by ingested S.Typhimurium in cockroaches.We further examine two potential mechanis
Hematophagous insects transmit infectious diseases.Sand flies are vectors of leishmaniasis, but can also transmit viruses.We have been studying immune responses of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral Changing Pad leishmaniasis in the Americas.We identified a non-specific antiviral response in L.longipalpis LL5 embryonic cells when tr
Tremendous progress has been made recently in understanding plant response to Fusarium graminearum BETA ALANINE infection.Here, the cytological aspect and molecular mechanism of maize defense to F.graminearum infection were characterized using a pair of near-isogenic lines (NIL), the resistant and the susceptible NIL.F.graminearum primarily penetra